Subject: Polity
The President occupies a unique position in the Indian constitutional framework. While he is the ceremonial head of state and a symbol of national unity, the real executive power rests with the Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister.
Key articles (such as Articles 52, 53, 74, and 75) delineate the scope of his functions, emphasizing that his actions are largely carried out on the advice of the ministers. However, in exceptional circumstances—such as a hung Parliament, the sudden demise of a Prime Minister, or a loss of confidence—the President has certain discretionary powers, including the appointment of the Prime Minister or the dissolution of the Lok Sabha.
As famously summarized by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, the President is akin to the ceremonial head under a parliamentary system, representing the nation’s integrity while acting as a seal on the decisions taken by the government. This dual role underscores the balance between symbolism and function within India’s democratic setup.