Geography Notes

Includes physical, human, and environmental geography, maps, climate patterns, and natural resources, crucial for both national and global contexts.

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Environmental Geography

Environmental Pollution: Types and Sources

Natural Hazards and Disaster Management

Climate Change: Causes and Global Effects

Conservation and Sustainable Development

Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services

Disaster Management Strategies

Geographical Terms

abrasion

abrasion platform

accuracy

acid rain

administrative region

adult literacy rate

aerial photograph

afforestation

agglomerate

agribusiness

agriculture

aid

air mass

alluvial fan

alluvium

alp

analysis

anemometer

annotation

antarctic circle

anthracite

anticline

anticyclone

API (application programming interface)

aquifer

arable farming

arc

archipelago

arctic circle

arête

artesian basin

asymmetrical fold

atlas

atmosphere

backwash

bar graph

barchan

barograph

barometer

barrage

basalt

base flow

base map

batholith

bay

beach

bearing

Beaufort wind scale

bedrock

bergschrund

biodiversity

biogas

biomass

biome

biosphere

birth rate

bituminous coal

block mountain or horst

blowhole

bluff

boreal forest

boulder clay or till

breakwater or groyne

bush fallowing or shifting cultivation

cache

caldera

canal

canyon

capital city

cartogram

cartography

catchment

cavern

cay

CBD (Central Business District)

CFCs (Chlorofluorocarbons)

chalk

channel

chernozem

chloropleth map

choropleth

cirrus

clay

cliff

clint

cloud

CMYK

coal

cold front

commercial agriculture

Common Agricultural Policy (CAP)

common land

communications

commuter zone

concordant coastline

condensation

coniferous forest

conservation

continent

continental climate

continental drift

continental shelf

contour

dairying

dam

data

data capture

database

datum

death rate

deciduous woodland

deflation

deforestation

delta

DEM (Digital elevation model)

denudation

depopulation

deposition

depression

desert

desertification

developing countries

dew point

digitising

dip slope

discharge

discordant coastline

distributary

doldrums

domain name

dormitory settlement

drainage

drainage basin

drift

drought

dry valley or coombe

dune

dyke

earthquake

eastings

ecology

ecosystem

El Niño

emigration

employment structure

fault

feature class

fell

fjord

flash flood

flood plain

flow line

fodder crop

fold

fold mountains

fossil fuel

free trade

freeze-thaw

front

gazetteer

GDP (Gross Domestic Product)

geosyncline

geothermal energy

glaciation

glacier

granite

green belt

greenfield site

greenhouse effect

Greenwich Meridian

grid reference

groundwater

groyne

gryke

gulf

habitat

hanging valley

HDI (Human Development Index)

headland

hemisphere

hill farming

hill shading

histogram

horizon

horst

horticulture

human geography

hunter/gatherer economy

hurricane

hydraulic action

Ice Age

ice cap

ice sheet

iceberg

ID

igneous rock

immigration

impermeable rock

impervious rock

imports

industrialization

infiltration

infrastructure

inner city

intensive farming

interglacial

interlocking spurs

International Date Line

international trade

intrusion

ionosphere

irrigation

island

isobar

isohyet

isotherm

joint

kame

karst topography

kettle hole

laccolith

lagoon

lahar

lake

land tenure

land use

landform

laterite

latitude

Laurasia

lava

lava flow

lava plateau

leaching

levée

lignite

magma

malnutrition

mantle

manufacturing industry

map

map projection

marble

maritime climate

market gardening

mask

maximum and minimum thermometer

meander

mesa

mesosphere

metadata

metamorphic rock

migration

monoculture

monsoon

moraine

mortlake

mountain

national park

natural hazard

natural increase

neap tides

névé

new town

newly industrialized country (NIC)

nomadic pastoralism

non-governmental organizations (NGOs)

nonrenewable resources

North and South

northings

nuclear power station

nuée ardente

nunatak

nutrient cycle

ocean

ocean current

opencast mining

organic farming

overfold

oxbow lake, mortlake or cut-off

ozone

Pangaea

passage

pastoral farming

peasant agriculture

peat

quality of life

quartz

quartzite

quaternary sector

query

rain gauge

raised beach

range

rapids

raster

raw materials

reef

regeneration

region

rejuvenation

relative humidity

relief

remote sensing

renewable resources

representative fraction

reserves

reservoir

resolution

resource

respiration

revolution

Human & Economic Geography

Population Distribution in India

Migration Patterns and Their Impacts

Urbanization and Regional Development

Economic Activities and Industrial Locations

Trade, Transport, and Communication Networks

Indian Geography

Physical Features of India

Indian Monsoon and Climate Patterns

Major Rivers of India

Mountain Ranges of India

Agricultural Zones and Land Use Patterns in India

Physical Geography

Earth's Crust

Earth's Mantle

Earth's Core

Density, Pressure, and Temperature Gradients in Earth

Plate Tectonics

Formation of Landforms

Weather vs. Climate

Ocean Currents and Their Impact

The Hydrological Cycle

Soil Formation and Types

World Geography

Global Climate Zones and Characteristics

Formation of World Landforms

Major World Rivers and Their Importance

Ocean Currents and Global Climate Impact

Global Population Distribution and Trends