Economy Notes

Focuses on economic concepts, terminologies, Indian economic policies, budgeting, banking, inflation, and economic growth, vital for competitive exams.

Back to All Subjects

Current Economic Issues and Reports

Current Economic Challenges (Inflation, Unemployment, Fiscal Deficit)

Government’s Economic Policies and Reforms

Analysis of Economic Survey and Union Budget

Reports by RBI, NITI Aayog, IMF, World Bank, WTO

Economic concepts and terminologies

Accrual basis

Activity rate

ADRs (American Depository Receipts)

ADS Conversion Offer

Adverse Selection

Agricultural Extension

Agricultural Labourer

Agricultural Markets

Alpine Convertible Bond

Amortisation

Andean Pact

Animal Spirit

Antitrust

Appreciation

Arbitrage

ARCS

Asset

Assigned Revenue

Autarky

Backwardation

Back-to-Back Loan

Bad Debt

Badla

Balanced Budget

Balloon Payment

Basing Point Price System

Bellwether Stock

BFS (Banking Financial Services)

Black-Scholes

Bond

Book Building

Bracket Creep

Broad-Based Fund

Brownfield Location

Bubble

Budget Line

Bullet Repayment

Bullion

Business Cycle

Busy & Slack Seasons

Buyer’s Market

Buyouts

Camels

Capital

Capital Adequacy Ratio

Capital Consumption

Capital-Output Ratio

Carbon Credit

Carry Trade

Cash Cow

Caveat Emptor

Ceteris Paribus

Chinese Wall

Circuit Limit

Classical Economics

Clean Coal

Closed Shop

Collective Products

Commodities Transaction Tax

Commodity Money

Communitisation

Comparative Advantage

Consols

Consortium

Consumer Durables

Consumer Non-Durables

Conspicuous Consumption

Contagion

Contrarian

Core Investment Companies (CICs)

Corporate Sustainability Index

Correction

Creative Destruction

Crony Capitalism

Cross Subsidy

Crowding-Out Effect

CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility)

Debenture

Debt Recovery Tribunal (DRT)

Debt Swap Scheme

Decoupling Theory

Deindustrialisation

Demat Account

Demerger

Derivatives

DIIs (Domestic Institutional Investors)

Direct Cost

Direct Investment

Dirty Float

Discount House

Disgorgement

Dismantling of Textile Quota

Dissaving

Domino Effect

Dow-Jones Index

Drug Price Control

Dumping

Dutch Disease

Duty Drawback Scheme

Duty Entitlement Passbook Scheme

E-Business

E-Commerce

Economies of Scale

Economies of Scope

Edgeworth Box

Effective Revenue Deficit

Engel’s Law

Environmental Accounting

Environmental Audit

Environmental Taxes

Equity Linked Saving Scheme (ELSS)

Equity Share

Escrow Account

ESOPS (Employee Stock Option Plans)

Exploding Arms

Externalities

FCCB (Foreign Currency Convertible Bond)

Federal Fund Rate

Fiduciary Issue

Financial Closure

Financial Stability Board (FSB)

Fiscal Drag

Fiscal Neutrality

Fisher Effect

Flag of Convenience

Forced Saving

FOB (Free on Board)

Form of a Life Insurance Firm

Forward Contract

Forward Trading

Fractional Banking

Free Goods

Free Trade

Free Port

Fringe Benefit Tax

Gallup Poll

Game Theory

GDRs (Global Depository Receipts)

Giffen Good

Gini Coefficient

Golden Handshake

Golden Handcuff

Golden Hello

Golden Rule

Goodhart’s Law

Go-Go Fund

Greater Fool Theory

Greenfield Investment

Greenfield Location

Green Revolution & Institutions

Greenshoe Option

Gresham’s Law

Greenspan Put

Grey Market

Growth Recession

3G Technology

Hedge Funds

Herfindahl Index

Hidden Price Reduction

Hidden Price Rise

Hidden Tax

Historic Cost

Hoarding

Hog Cycles

Impossible Trinity

India’s Sovereign Rating

Indifference Curve

Induced Investment

IIFCL (India Infrastructure Finance Company Limited)

Inferior Product

Inflation

Insider Trading

Insolvency

Inventory

Invisible Hand

IPO (Initial Public Offering)

IS Schedule

Islamic Banking

Isocost Line

Isocost Curve

J-Curve Effect

Jobber

Junk Bond

Kerb Dealings

Khilji Effect

Kleptocracy

Kondratieff Wave

LAF (Liquidity Adjustment Facility)

Laffer Curve

Liar Loans

LIBOR (London Interbank Offered Rate)

Life-Cycle Hypothesis

Life Insurance: Terms - Endowment Policy, Beneficiary, Term Life Insurance, Whole Life Insurance, Variable Universal Life Insurance

Liquidation

Liquid Asset

Liquidity

Liquidity Preference

Liquidity Trap

L-M Schedule

Local Area Bank

Locomotive Principle

Lorenz Curve

Lump of Labour Fallacy

Macro & Micro Economics

Marginal Standing Facility (MSF)

Marginal Utility

Market Capitalisation

Market Maker

MASCS

Marshall Plan

Menu Cost

Mid-Cap Funds

MFBS

Mid-Cap Shares

Merchant Banking

Mezzanine Financing

MIBID

MIBOR

Middle Class

Microcredit

Misery Index

Monetary Neutrality

Money Illusion

Moral Hazard

Most Favoured Nation (MFN)

Multi-fibre Arrangement (MFA)

Mutual Funds

Narrow Banking

NASDAQ

Nash Equilibrium

Neo-classical Economics

Net Worth

New Pension Scheme

Ninja

Nominal Value

Non-Workers

Norka

Normal Goods

Null Hypothesis

Numeraire

NVS

Oil Bonds

Okun’s Law

Open Market Operation

Opportunity Cost

Outcome Budget

Over The Counter (OTC)

Parallel Importing

Pareto Principle

Parkinson’s Law

Penny Stocks

Phillips Curve

Piggyback Loan

Pigou Effect

PFRDA (Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority)

Preference Shares

Price-Earning Ratio

Primary and Secondary Market

Primary Dealer

Prisoner’s Dilemma

Population Trap

Poverty Trap

Predatory Pricing

PPP (Purchasing Power Parity)

QIP (Qualified Institutional Placement)

Q Theory

Random Walk

Redlining

Rent

Rent-Seeking

Replacement Cost

Repo, Reverse Repo & Bank Rate

Residual Risk

Retail Banking

Retrocession

Reverse Takeover

Residual Unemployment

Reverse Mortgage

Reverse Yield Gap

Revealed Preference

Ricardian Equivalence

Risk Seeking

Rule of Thumb

Rounding Error

Salary

Satisficing Theory

Say’s Law

Second-Best Theory

Securities Transaction Tax

Seignorage

Sequestration

Sharpe Ratio

Short Selling

Shutdown Price

Sixth Pay Commission

Skimming Price

Social Costs

Solvency Margin

Sovereign Risk

Spot Price

Spread

Standard Deviation

States’ Market Borrowing

Stealth Tax

Stochastic Process

Sub-Prime Crisis

Subsidies

Subsidy Bidding

Substitution Effect

Sunk Costs

Swap - Currency Swap, Debt Swap, Interest Rate Swap, Product Swap

SWFs (Sovereign Wealth Funds)

Swiss Formula

Systemic Risk

Takeover - Takeover Bid, Black Knight, Golden Parachute, Green Mail, Leveraged Bid, Pac-man Defence, Poison Pill, Porcupine, Shark Repellants, White Knight

Technological Unemployment

Third-Party Insurance

Third Way

Tight Money

Till Money

Tobin Tax

Total Product

Trade Creation

Tragedy of The Commons

Transfer Payments

Transfer Earnings

Transfer Price

ULIPS & MFS (Unit Linked Insurance Plans & Mutual Funds)

Underwriting

Usury

Veblen Effect

Velocity of Circulation

Venture Capital

Vulture Funds

Vostro Account

Walras’s Law

Wasting Asset

Weightless Economy

Welfare Economics

Wildcat Strike

Williamson Trade-Off Model

Winner’s Curse

Withholding Tax

Worker (Census Definition)

Worker Population Ratio

Workfare

X-inefficiency

Yield Gap

Zero-coupon Bond

Zero-sum Game

Zero Tilling

Economic Indicators and Indices

GDP, GNP, NNP, PCI

Inflation (WPI, CPI)

Employment Rate and Unemployment Rate

Poverty Index, Gini Coefficient

Ease of Doing Business, Global Competitiveness Index

Human Development Index (HDI), Gender Inequality Index (GII)

External Sector and International Trade

Balance of Payments (BoP) and Its Components

Foreign Exchange Market and Exchange Rates

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and Foreign Institutional Investment (FII)

Trade Policies and WTO

Export and Import Trends in India

Trade Deficit and Measures to Promote Exports

Fiscal and Monetary Policy

Fiscal Policy: Objectives and Instruments

Monetary Policy: Objectives and Instruments

Relationship Between Fiscal and Monetary Policy

Inflation Targeting and RBI’s Role

FRBM Act and Fiscal Discipline

Government Schemes and Social Sector Initiatives

Poverty Alleviation Schemes (PMGKY, NSAP)

Employment Generation Programs (MGNREGA, PMEGP, Startup India)

Health Initiatives (Ayushman Bharat, NRHM, NUHM)

Education Initiatives (NEP 2020, SSA, RMSA)

Social Security Schemes (PM-JAY, PM-SYM, Atal Pension Yojana)

Industry and Infrastructure

Industrial Policies in India (1948, 1956, 1991)

Role of Public and Private Sectors

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs)

Make in India and Startup India Initiatives

Infrastructure Development (Transport, Energy, Communication)

Public-Private Partnership (PPP) Models

Inflation and Deflation

Types of Inflation (Demand-Pull, Cost-Push, Hyperinflation)

Causes and Effects of Inflation

Inflation Measurement (WPI, CPI, GDP Deflator)

Stagflation and Its Impact

Measures to Control Inflation (Monetary and Fiscal Policies)

Introduction to Economics

Basic Concepts of Economics (Scarcity, Choice, Opportunity Cost)

Types of Economies (Capitalist, Socialist, Mixed)

Microeconomics vs Macroeconomics

Sectors of Economy (Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary, Quinary)

National Income and Economic Growth

Concepts of National Income (GDP, GNP, NNP, NDP, PCI)

Measurement of National Income

Economic Growth vs Economic Development

Indicators of Economic Development (HDI, GII, MPI)

Factors Affecting Economic Growth

Poverty, Inequality, and Unemployment

Poverty: Definition, Causes, and Measurement (Poverty Line, MPI)

Poverty Alleviation Programs in India

Income Inequality and Wealth Distribution

Types of Unemployment (Structural, Cyclical, Frictional, Seasonal, Disguised)

Government Initiatives to Reduce Unemployment

Services Sector and Emerging Areas

Growth and Contribution of Services Sector

Information Technology and IT-Enabled Services (ITES)

Tourism and Hospitality Industry

Health and Education Services

Emerging Sectors (E-Commerce, FinTech, Digital Economy)

Sustainable Development and Environmental Economics

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Climate Change and Its Economic Impact

Renewable Energy and Green Economy

Environmental Degradation and Resource Management

Government Initiatives for Sustainable Development (National Action Plan on Climate Change)