Subject: Polity
The 100th Constitutional Amendment Act of 2015 formalized a significant territorial exchange between India and Bangladesh. This amendment addressed long-standing issues stemming from historical enclave disputes and the undemarcated border, following protocols agreed upon by both governments.
Under the amendment, India transferred 111 enclaves to Bangladesh while receiving 51 enclaves in return. In addition to these exchanges, the agreement also involved the transfer of adverse possessions and the demarcation of a 6.1 km stretch of previously undemarcated border. These changes necessitated modifications to the First Schedule of the Constitution, thereby updating the territorial composition of four affected states.
This landmark agreement not only resolved decades of border disputes but also reinforced the principles of peaceful resolution and bilateral cooperation enshrined in international law.