Subject: Polity
National Emergency is declared under Article 352 of the Constitution when the security of India is threatened by war, external aggression, or armed rebellion. Under this provision, the Centre is granted extensive powers, including the authority to suspend certain Fundamental Rights and to assume control over state governance. This measure is designed to restore stability during times of crisis.
The declaration of a National Emergency has far-reaching implications, fundamentally altering the balance of power between the Centre and the States. Judicial scrutiny emphasizes that such declarations must be used only under the most severe circumstances and are subject to review to prevent abuse.
Historical experiences and subsequent legal debates have highlighted both the necessity and the potential risks associated with this power.