Subject: Polity
Article 3 empowers Parliament to reshape the internal map of India. This includes forming a new state by separating a territory from an existing state, uniting two or more states, altering boundaries, or even changing state names. Such powers underscore the “destructible” nature of individual states within the indestructible union.
However, two important conditions are attached: any bill proposing such changes must first receive the President’s recommendation and be referred to the concerned state legislature for its views within a prescribed period. Despite these consultations, the final decision rests solely with Parliament, and the state’s opinion is advisory rather than binding.
Additionally, Article 4 clarifies that laws made under Articles 2 and 3 relating to state reorganization are not treated as constitutional amendments under Article 368. This means they can be enacted through the ordinary legislative process, reinforcing the central government’s authority to alter state boundaries without requiring a supermajority.