Subject: Polity
Although the President is the formal head of state, real executive power is exercised by the Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister. Nonetheless, the President plays a crucial role by performing a wide range of functions across several domains.
These functions include executive powers such as appointing the Prime Minister, cabinet ministers, and key officials; legislative powers like summoning, proroguing, and dissolving Parliament, and giving assent to bills; financial powers, including the presentation of the Union Budget and controlling expenditure; as well as judicial, diplomatic, military, and emergency powers.
This multifaceted role enables the President to act as a stabilizing force and a symbolic representative of the nation, while also ensuring that the machinery of government operates smoothly during both normal and extraordinary times.