Procedure for Amendment

The procedure for amending the Constitution of India is outlined in Article 368. This article provides a detailed framework that requires any amendment to be passed by a special majority in both Houses of Parliament. In certain cases—particularly when the amendment affects federal provisions—the bill must also be ratified by at least half of the State Legislatures.

The process generally involves:

• Introduction of the amendment bill in either House of Parliament.
• Debate and voting in both the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha, typically requiring a two-thirds majority of members present and voting, as well as a majority of the total membership.
• For amendments affecting federal features, ratification by a majority of the State Legislatures is necessary.
• Once the bill has passed both Houses (and received state ratification if required), it is presented to the President for assent.

This rigorous procedure ensures that any change to the Constitution reflects a broad consensus and preserves the fundamental structure of the nation.