Jurisdiction and Powers of the Supreme Court

The Supreme Court exercises wide-ranging jurisdiction and powers as the ultimate interpreter of the Constitution. Under Article 131, it has original jurisdiction over disputes between the Centre and states or between states themselves. Its appellate jurisdiction, as provided under Articles 136 and 141, allows it to review decisions from lower courts and ensure uniformity in the interpretation of law across the country. Additionally, Article 143 grants the Court advisory jurisdiction to offer opinions on questions of law or fact referred to it by the President.

These powers enable the Supreme Court to act as a guardian of constitutional supremacy and protect individual rights. For instance, in several recent cases, the Court has intervened in matters concerning environmental protection and fundamental rights, thereby demonstrating its pivotal role in addressing contemporary challenges. The Court’s ability to issue writs – such as habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, certiorari, and quo warranto – further underscores its function as a check on administrative and legislative actions.

Factual details include the historical evolution of its jurisdiction and landmark judgments that have shaped Indian jurisprudence, reaffirming its role in maintaining the rule of law.