Subject: Polity
Book: Indian Polity by M. Laxmikanth
Created under Article 312 to ensure uniform administration across states and the center. The Indian Administrative Service (IAS) handles policy formulation and district administration, the Indian Police Service (IPS) oversees law enforcement and internal security, and the Indian Forest Service (IFoS) manages forest resources and wildlife. AIS officers are recruited centrally, but serve both the Union and states, symbolizing cooperative federalism. They occupy top administrative positions, transferring between roles as needed. Despite criticisms of excessive elitism or politicization, AIS remains integral to implementing national policies uniformly, bridging the gap between the center’s directives and local realities.
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