Topic Details (Notes format)

Amendment of the Constitution (Article 368)

Subject: Polity

Book: Indian Polity by M. Laxmikanth

Details the formal process to modify constitutional provisions. Amendments can be passed by a special majority of Parliament alone or in conjunction with state legislatures. This mechanism balances constitutional stability with flexibility, letting India adapt to emerging needs without undermining its core structure. Over 100 amendments have shaped issues like reservations, Panchayati Raj, and economic liberalization. However, the “basic structure doctrine” restricts amendments that alter the Constitution’s fundamental identity. Students must note key amendments like the 42nd (giving broad powers to Parliament), 44th (restoring checks), and 73rd/74th (strengthening local governance), revealing how the Constitution remains a living document.

Practice Questions

राष्ट्रपति द्वारा पारित विधेयकों को चुनौती देने की अंतिम तिथि किस अनुच्छेद में दी गई है?

Who is the head of the government in India?

राज्यसभा के सदस्यों का चयन किस आधार पर किया जाता है?

Who among the following is the ex-officio Chairman of the National Human Rights Commission of India?

विधेयक प्रस्तुत करने का अधिकार संसद के किस सदन के सदस्यों को है?

Who among the following is the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha?

संसद कार्यवाही की समय सीमा किस अनुच्छेद में उल्लिखित है?

उच्च न्यायालयों का गठन किस आधार पर किया जाता है?

कार्यपालिका के प्रमुख के रूप में किसे नियुक्त किया जाता है?

Who has the authority to dissolve the Rajya Sabha?