Topic Details (Notes format)

Amendment of the Constitution (Article 368)

Subject: Polity

Book: Indian Polity by M. Laxmikanth

Details the formal process to modify constitutional provisions. Amendments can be passed by a special majority of Parliament alone or in conjunction with state legislatures. This mechanism balances constitutional stability with flexibility, letting India adapt to emerging needs without undermining its core structure. Over 100 amendments have shaped issues like reservations, Panchayati Raj, and economic liberalization. However, the “basic structure doctrine” restricts amendments that alter the Constitution’s fundamental identity. Students must note key amendments like the 42nd (giving broad powers to Parliament), 44th (restoring checks), and 73rd/74th (strengthening local governance), revealing how the Constitution remains a living document.

Practice Questions

Which of the following is NOT a power of the President of India?

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न्यायिक समीक्षा किस सिद्धांत पर आधारित है?

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विधायिका के प्रमुख का चुनाव किस प्रक्रिया से होता है?

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Who is responsible for the selection of the judges of the Supreme Court?

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Which of the following is a feature of the Indian Constitution?

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Which article of the Indian Constitution deals with the official language of the Union?

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Who was the first Speaker of the Lok Sabha?

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Which article of the Indian Constitution guarantees the right to life and personal liberty?

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न्यायाधीशों की नियुक्ति में किस समिति की सिफारिश ली जाती है?

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Which of the following is an essential feature of a federal system?

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