Topic Details (Notes format)

Amendment of the Constitution (Article 368)

Subject: Polity

Book: Indian Polity by M. Laxmikanth

Details the formal process to modify constitutional provisions. Amendments can be passed by a special majority of Parliament alone or in conjunction with state legislatures. This mechanism balances constitutional stability with flexibility, letting India adapt to emerging needs without undermining its core structure. Over 100 amendments have shaped issues like reservations, Panchayati Raj, and economic liberalization. However, the “basic structure doctrine” restricts amendments that alter the Constitution’s fundamental identity. Students must note key amendments like the 42nd (giving broad powers to Parliament), 44th (restoring checks), and 73rd/74th (strengthening local governance), revealing how the Constitution remains a living document.

Practice Questions

मौलिक अधिकारों के लिए न्यायिक संरक्षण किस अनुच्छेद के माध्यम से मिलता है?

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संसद के अधिवेशन की अवधि किस आधार पर निर्धारित होती है?

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मौलिक अधिकारों की सुरक्षा के लिए नागरिकों को कौन सा अधिकार प्रदान किया गया है?

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प्रधानमंत्री का कार्यकाल कितने वर्षों का होता है?

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Who has the authority to dissolve the Lok Sabha?

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कार्यपालिका के प्रमुख की नियुक्ति में अंतिम निर्णय किसके द्वारा होता है?

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विधान सभा के चुनाव में किस निर्वाचन प्रणाली का उपयोग होता है?

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Which of the following is the right of a citizen under the Indian Constitution?

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लोकसभा के सदस्यों के लिए न्यूनतम योग्यता क्या है?

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Which of the following is a feature of the Indian Parliamentary System?

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