Topic Details (Notes format)

Amendment of the Constitution (Article 368)

Subject: Polity

Book: Indian Polity by M. Laxmikanth

Details the formal process to modify constitutional provisions. Amendments can be passed by a special majority of Parliament alone or in conjunction with state legislatures. This mechanism balances constitutional stability with flexibility, letting India adapt to emerging needs without undermining its core structure. Over 100 amendments have shaped issues like reservations, Panchayati Raj, and economic liberalization. However, the “basic structure doctrine” restricts amendments that alter the Constitution’s fundamental identity. Students must note key amendments like the 42nd (giving broad powers to Parliament), 44th (restoring checks), and 73rd/74th (strengthening local governance), revealing how the Constitution remains a living document.

Practice Questions

What is the maximum strength of the Lok Sabha?

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भारतीय सर्वोच्च न्यायालय का गठन किस आधार पर हुआ?

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किस अनुच्छेद के तहत नागरिकों को वर्गीय भेदभाव से सुरक्षा मिलती है?

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In India, the power to declare war and peace is vested in which of the following?

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राष्ट्रपति के आदेशों को निरस्त करने का अधिकार किसके पास है?

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न्यायपालिका की स्वतंत्रता किस अनुच्छेद में सुनिश्चित की गई है?

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कार्यपालिका के प्रमुख के रूप में किसे नियुक्त किया जाता है?

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What is the maximum number of members in the Lok Sabha?

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