Topic Details (Notes format)

Appointment of Judges: Collegium System

Subject: Polity

Book: Indian Polity by M. Laxmikanth

Developed through Supreme Court judgments (Three Judges Cases), the collegium comprises the Chief Justice of India and senior justices who recommend appointments/transfers of higher judiciary judges. The President mostly approves their recommendations, limiting executive discretion. Proponents say it preserves judicial independence, while critics accuse the collegium of opacity, nepotism, or lack of transparency. Efforts to replace it with the National Judicial Appointments Commission (NJAC) were struck down as unconstitutional. Calls persist for reforms—public disclosure of selection criteria, diverse representation, structured feedback. This system remains pivotal in shaping India’s judiciary, balancing independence with demands for accountability and clarity.

Practice Questions

In India, the power to declare war and peace is vested in which of the following?

अनुच्छेद 370 किस राज्य को विशेष दर्जा प्रदान करता था?

लोकसभा के सदस्यों के लिए न्यूनतम आयु क्या है?

Which article of the Indian Constitution deals with the President’s power to dissolve the Lok Sabha?

सूचना का अधिकार किस अधिनियम के अंतर्गत आता है?

संसद कार्यवाही की समय सीमा किस अनुच्छेद में उल्लिखित है?

राष्ट्रपति द्वारा दी जाने वाली शपथ किस अनुच्छेद में प्रावधिक है?

Which of the following is a feature of the Indian Constitution?

किस संविधान संशोधन ने निर्वाचन प्रणाली में सुधार किया?

संसदीय प्रश्न सत्र के दौरान प्रश्नों के उत्तर कौन देता है?