Topic Details (Notes format)

Appointment of Judges: Collegium System

Subject: Polity

Book: Indian Polity by M. Laxmikanth

Developed through Supreme Court judgments (Three Judges Cases), the collegium comprises the Chief Justice of India and senior justices who recommend appointments/transfers of higher judiciary judges. The President mostly approves their recommendations, limiting executive discretion. Proponents say it preserves judicial independence, while critics accuse the collegium of opacity, nepotism, or lack of transparency. Efforts to replace it with the National Judicial Appointments Commission (NJAC) were struck down as unconstitutional. Calls persist for reforms—public disclosure of selection criteria, diverse representation, structured feedback. This system remains pivotal in shaping India’s judiciary, balancing independence with demands for accountability and clarity.

Practice Questions

Which of the following is NOT a part of the Union List of the Indian Constitution?

भारतीय संविधान में संशोधन की प्रक्रिया किस आधार पर की जाती है?

संसद में विधेयक पर पुनर्विचार का अधिकार किसे है?

लोकसभा के सदस्यों के लिए न्यूनतम योग्यता क्या है?

Which article of the Indian Constitution deals with the creation of the All India Services?

राष्ट्रपति की नियुक्ति में किस संस्था का योगदान महत्वपूर्ण होता है?

संसद सदस्यों की योग्यता किस अनुच्छेद में निर्धारित है?

Who among the following is known as the "Father of the Nation" in India?

राज्यों के बीच मतभेदों का समाधान किस प्रावधान के तहत किया जाता है?

Which article of the Indian Constitution mentions the procedure for amendment?