Subject: Polity
Book: Indian Polity by M. Laxmikanth
Originally guaranteed protection of life and personal liberty only from executive action. Judicial interpretation has vastly expanded it to include rights to health, education, livelihood, environment, shelter, reputation, and a speedy trial. The Maneka Gandhi case (1978) famously introduced “due process of law,” ensuring reasonableness in state actions. Environmental jurisprudence (Ganga pollution, vehicular emissions) recognized a healthy environment as integral to life. This expansion ensures the Constitution remains responsive to modern challenges, balancing civil liberties with collective welfare. Critics caution about judicial overreach. Nonetheless, Article 21’s breadth exemplifies the dynamic nature of Indian constitutional law.
Which article of the Indian Constitution deals with the impeachment of the President?
View Questionराष्ट्रपति की नियुक्ति में किस संस्था का योगदान महत्वपूर्ण होता है?
View Questionसंघीय ढांचे में केंद्र और राज्य सरकारों के बीच शक्ति का विभाजन किस सिद्धांत पर आधारित है?
View QuestionWhat is the maximum number of judges in the Supreme Court of India?
View QuestionWho among the following was the first woman Governor of an Indian state?
View Questionसंविधान सभा की बैठकें किस वर्ष प्रारंभ हुई थीं?
View QuestionWho is the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha?
View Questionउच्च न्यायालयों का गठन किस आधार पर किया जाता है?
View Questionमौलिक अधिकारों की सुरक्षा के लिए नागरिकों को कौन सा अधिकार प्रदान किया गया है?
View QuestionWhich article of the Indian Constitution provides for the amendment process?
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