Topic Details (Notes format)

Basic Structure Doctrine

Subject: Polity

Book: Indian Polity by M. Laxmikanth

Propounded by the Supreme Court in the 1973 “Keshavananda Bharati” case, the doctrine holds that while Parliament can amend most parts of the Constitution, it cannot alter its “basic structure” or essential features. Though not exhaustively defined, key elements include judicial review, federalism, secularism, and the parliamentary form of government. Subsequent judgments expanded the list to include rule of law, freedom, and judicial independence. This doctrine safeguards democracy from potential legislative overreach and preserves constitutional identity. It signifies the judiciary’s pivotal role in maintaining India’s constitutional ethos by striking down amendments that violate core principles.

Practice Questions

वरिष्ठ न्यायाधीशों की नियुक्ति में किस समिति का योगदान होता है?

Which article of the Indian Constitution provides for the amendment process?

Which of the following is a feature of the Indian Constitution?

राज्यसभा के सदस्यों का चयन किस आधार पर किया जाता है?

What is the term of office for the President of India?

Who among the following is the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha?

Which of the following is a Fundamental Duty under the Indian Constitution?

संसद में विधेयक पर पुनर्विचार का अधिकार किसे है?

कार्यपालिका के प्रमुख की नियुक्ति में अंतिम निर्णय किसके द्वारा होता है?

भारत का संविधान किस वर्ष अपनाया गया था?