Topic Details (Notes format)

Basic Structure Doctrine

Subject: Polity

Book: Indian Polity by M. Laxmikanth

Propounded by the Supreme Court in the 1973 “Keshavananda Bharati” case, the doctrine holds that while Parliament can amend most parts of the Constitution, it cannot alter its “basic structure” or essential features. Though not exhaustively defined, key elements include judicial review, federalism, secularism, and the parliamentary form of government. Subsequent judgments expanded the list to include rule of law, freedom, and judicial independence. This doctrine safeguards democracy from potential legislative overreach and preserves constitutional identity. It signifies the judiciary’s pivotal role in maintaining India’s constitutional ethos by striking down amendments that violate core principles.

Practice Questions

राज्यसभा के सदस्यों का चुनाव किस प्रकार से होता है?

Who has the authority to promulgate ordinances in India?

Who is the first woman President of India?

लोकसभा के सदस्यों के लिए न्यूनतम आयु क्या है?

किस अनुच्छेद के तहत नागरिकों को वर्गीय भेदभाव से सुरक्षा मिलती है?

Who was the first Speaker of the Lok Sabha?

राष्ट्रपति के आपातकालिक शक्तियाँ किस अनुच्छेद के तहत निर्धारित हैं?

Who among the following is the ex-officio Chairman of the National Human Rights Commission of India?

किस संविधान संशोधन ने संसद में महिलाओं के आरक्षण का प्रस्ताव रखा?

राष्ट्रपति के लिए योग्यता मानदंड किस अनुच्छेद में वर्णित हैं?