Topic Details (Notes format)

Basic Structure Doctrine

Subject: Polity

Book: Indian Polity by M. Laxmikanth

Propounded by the Supreme Court in the 1973 “Keshavananda Bharati” case, the doctrine holds that while Parliament can amend most parts of the Constitution, it cannot alter its “basic structure” or essential features. Though not exhaustively defined, key elements include judicial review, federalism, secularism, and the parliamentary form of government. Subsequent judgments expanded the list to include rule of law, freedom, and judicial independence. This doctrine safeguards democracy from potential legislative overreach and preserves constitutional identity. It signifies the judiciary’s pivotal role in maintaining India’s constitutional ethos by striking down amendments that violate core principles.

Practice Questions

Which of the following is the right of a citizen under the Indian Constitution?

Which article of the Indian Constitution allows the President to declare a National Emergency?

Which article of the Indian Constitution deals with the President’s power to dissolve the Lok Sabha?

विधेयक प्रस्तुत करने का अधिकार संसद के किस सदन के सदस्यों को है?

What is the maximum number of members in the Legislative Assembly of a state?

Which of the following is NOT a function of the President of India?

Which of the following provisions is related to the emergency powers of the President of India?

संविधान के किस अनुच्छेद में मौलिक अधिकारों का विवरण है?

आपातकाल की स्थिति में राज्य सरकारों के अधिकार किस अनुच्छेद में वर्णित हैं?

What is the maximum number of members in the Rajya Sabha?