Topic Details (Notes format)

Basic Structure Doctrine

Subject: Polity

Book: Indian Polity by M. Laxmikanth

Propounded by the Supreme Court in the 1973 “Keshavananda Bharati” case, the doctrine holds that while Parliament can amend most parts of the Constitution, it cannot alter its “basic structure” or essential features. Though not exhaustively defined, key elements include judicial review, federalism, secularism, and the parliamentary form of government. Subsequent judgments expanded the list to include rule of law, freedom, and judicial independence. This doctrine safeguards democracy from potential legislative overreach and preserves constitutional identity. It signifies the judiciary’s pivotal role in maintaining India’s constitutional ethos by striking down amendments that violate core principles.

Practice Questions

संसद के अधिवेशन की अवधि किस आधार पर निर्धारित होती है?

भारतीय न्यायपालिका की स्वतंत्रता का मूल सिद्धांत क्या है?

Who was the first woman Chief Minister in India?

लोकसभा के सदस्यों के लिए न्यूनतम आयु क्या है?

कार्यपालिका के प्रमुख की नियुक्ति में अंतिम निर्णय किसके द्वारा होता है?

Which of the following is NOT a part of the Union List of the Indian Constitution?

What is the minimum age required to become the President of India?

Which of the following is the longest-serving political party in India?

सूचना का अधिकार किस अधिनियम के अंतर्गत आता है?

भारतीय संसद में सर्वोच्च विधायी प्राधिकारी कौन है?