Topic Details (Notes format)

Basic Structure Doctrine

Subject: Polity

Book: Indian Polity by M. Laxmikanth

Propounded by the Supreme Court in the 1973 “Keshavananda Bharati” case, the doctrine holds that while Parliament can amend most parts of the Constitution, it cannot alter its “basic structure” or essential features. Though not exhaustively defined, key elements include judicial review, federalism, secularism, and the parliamentary form of government. Subsequent judgments expanded the list to include rule of law, freedom, and judicial independence. This doctrine safeguards democracy from potential legislative overreach and preserves constitutional identity. It signifies the judiciary’s pivotal role in maintaining India’s constitutional ethos by striking down amendments that violate core principles.

Practice Questions

Who among the following can recommend the dissolution of the Lok Sabha?

संसद सदस्यों की योग्यता किस अनुच्छेद में निर्धारित है?

किस संविधान संशोधन ने राष्ट्रपति के चुनाव में एकल मत प्रणाली अपनाने का प्रावधान किया?

Which of the following provisions is related to the emergency powers of the President of India?

Who among the following appoints the Chief Election Commissioner of India?

Who has the power to remove a Governor from office in India?

Which of the following is a power of the Rajya Sabha?

न्यायपालिका की स्वतंत्रता किस अनुच्छेद में सुनिश्चित की गई है?

Which of the following is a provision related to the financial powers of the Parliament?

संसद में मतभेद सुलझाने के लिए किस व्यवस्था का प्रयोग होता है?