Subject: Polity
Book: Indian Polity by M. Laxmikanth
Refers to the annual financial statement prepared by the government, detailing projected revenues and expenditures for the upcoming fiscal year. Presented in two parts—the General Budget (covering all Ministries) and the Railway Budget (earlier separate, now merged). The Finance Bill, Appropriation Bill, and demands for grants are scrutinized by parliamentary committees (e.g., Standing Committee on Finance). Parliament debates and votes on these proposals, reflecting the principle that public funds cannot be spent without legislative sanction. Mechanisms like the vote-on-account permit government functioning if budget passage is delayed. This process ensures financial accountability and transparency in public spending.
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