Budget Process and Key Terminology Definition, Types, Examples & Uses

Budget Process and Key Terminology

Subject: Economics

Book: Comprehensive Indian Economy

Every year, the Union Budget reveals the government’s revenue and expenditure estimates. The process includes preparation by the Ministry of Finance, parliamentary debates, and vote on demands. Key terms—like revenue deficit (difference between revenue expenditure and revenue receipts), fiscal deficit (total borrowings), and primary deficit (fiscal deficit minus interest payments)—often appear in exams. Understanding the distinction between plan vs. non-plan expenditure (older classification) or capital vs. revenue expenditure clarifies how funds are allocated. Focus also on FRBM targets and how budgetary announcements align with macroeconomic objectives such as growth and equity.