Topic Details (Notes format)

Buffers

Subject: Chemistry

Book: General Chemistry

Buffers are solutions that resist changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added. They typically contain a weak acid and its conjugate base (e.g., acetic acid and sodium acetate). The Henderson–Hasselbalch equation (pH = pKa + log([base]/[acid])) describes buffer pH. Buffers are essential in biochemical systems (e.g., blood) and laboratory settings to maintain a stable pH for reactions and processes.

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