Topic Details (Notes format)

Concurrent Powers and Doctrine of Repugnancy

Subject: Polity

Book: Indian Polity by M. Laxmikanth

When Parliament and a state legislature pass conflicting laws on concurrent list subjects, central law prevails (Article 254) unless the state law obtains presidential assent. This “doctrine of repugnancy” prevents overlapping statutes from causing confusion. Courts analyze whether an actual conflict exists or if both laws can coexist. If repugnancy is found, the union law or the latter law with presidential assent supersedes. This ensures legislative harmony and respects the Constitution’s hierarchy. States, though free to adapt central frameworks for local conditions, must avoid direct contradiction. Mastery of this principle explains how India’s concurrency fosters unity without stifling state innovation.

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