Subject: Polity
Book: Indian Polity by M. Laxmikanth
Consists of cabinet ministers, ministers of state, and deputy ministers, headed by the Prime Minister. Operates on the principle of collective responsibility, meaning the entire council stands or falls together in Lok Sabha. The Cabinet—comprising the PM and senior ministers—makes crucial decisions on finance, defense, home affairs, and external relations. Ministers of state or deputy ministers assist in department-specific tasks. Policy proposals often originate in cabinet meetings and get refined through committees before parliamentary approval. The President formally appoints ministers on the PM’s advice, but their functioning highlights the synergy needed to manage diverse portfolios and maintain legislative support.
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