Subject: Chemistry
Book: General Chemistry
In electrophilic aromatic substitution (EAS), an electrophile replaces a hydrogen on an aromatic ring. The ring’s π electrons form a sigma complex intermediate. Substituents already on the ring influence the reaction rate and regioselectivity (ortho-, meta-, or para-). Classic examples include nitration, sulfonation, and Friedel–Crafts alkylation. EAS is foundational for synthesizing dyes, pharmaceuticals, and other aromatic compounds.
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