Topic Details (Notes format)

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution

Subject: Chemistry

Book: General Chemistry

In electrophilic aromatic substitution (EAS), an electrophile replaces a hydrogen on an aromatic ring. The ring’s π electrons form a sigma complex intermediate. Substituents already on the ring influence the reaction rate and regioselectivity (ortho-, meta-, or para-). Classic examples include nitration, sulfonation, and Friedel–Crafts alkylation. EAS is foundational for synthesizing dyes, pharmaceuticals, and other aromatic compounds.

Practice Questions

Which gas is most abundant in Earth's atmosphere?

View Question

Which compound is commonly known as quicklime?

View Question

What is the pH value of pure water?

View Question

What is the chemical formula for sodium silicate?

View Question

Which element is represented by the symbol 'Na'?

View Question

Which element is represented by the symbol 'Ag'?

View Question

Which acid is present in lemon juice?

View Question

Which acid is found in vinegar?

View Question

Which element has the highest melting point?

View Question

Which element is used in thermometers?

View Question