Topic Details (Notes format)

Direct and Indirect Speech

Subject: English

Book: English Grammar

**Direct speech** is quoting exactly what someone says, while **indirect speech** is telling it in your own words.

### Direct Speech
- You use quotation marks to show the exact words.
- Example: Mary said, “I am happy.”
- It’s like repeating a friend word-for-word: “He said, ‘Let’s go!’”

### Indirect Speech
- No exact quotes, you change pronouns and maybe tense.
- Example: Mary said (that) she was happy.
- If your friend said, “I love pizza,” you might tell someone else: “He said he loves pizza.”

### Changes Often Needed
- **Pronoun** shift: “I” can become “he/she.”
- **Tense** shift: “I am eating” (direct) → “He said he was eating.”

### Kid-friendly Example
- Direct: Mom said, “Clean your room!”
- Indirect: Mom told me to clean my room.

Direct speech is copying the exact words, and indirect speech is like giving a summary of what someone said but adjusting details so it fits your own sentence.