Topic Details (Notes format)

Environmental Economics and Sustainable Development

Subject: Economics

Book: Comprehensive Indian Economy

India’s rapid industrial growth strains natural resources and generates pollution. Environmental economics quantifies these externalities, urging corrective taxes or incentives. Policies like the National Action Plan on Climate Change promote solar energy, energy efficiency, and afforestation. However, balancing the needs of a developing population with ecological conservation remains challenging. Exam questions often connect resource management (forests, water) to livelihood security, especially for tribal or rural communities. Focus also on green financing, corporate social responsibility mandates, and the interplay of environmental laws with economic policies for sustainable growth.

Practice Questions

Which economic concept is described as “the next best alternative foregone”?

View Question

What is the “law of diminishing marginal utility”?

View Question

What is “inflation targeting”?

View Question

Which of the following measures is most effective in controlling inflation?

View Question

What is the objective of the Goods and Services Tax (GST)?

View Question

What does “balance of trade” refer to?

View Question

What does the Gini Coefficient measure?

View Question

What is the primary function of the International Monetary Fund (IMF)?

View Question

Which of the following factors is NOT included in the calculation of Human Development Index (HDI)?

View Question

What is the objective of the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana?

View Question