Topic Details (Notes format)

Excretory System and Waste Removal

Subject: General Science

Book: NCERT Biology Class 12

Study of how the body removes metabolic waste.
- **Kidneys and Nephron**:
- Filtration, reabsorption, secretion.
- **Urine Formation**:
- Role of ADH and osmoregulation.
- **Kidney Disorders**:
- Stones, renal failure, dialysis.

**Possible Exam Questions:**
1. Describe the structure and function of a nephron.
2. Explain the process of urine formation.
3. How does osmoregulation maintain water balance?
4. What are the causes and symptoms of kidney stones?
5. Discuss the process and significance of dialysis.

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