Subject: Economics
Book: Comprehensive Indian Economy
India’s external sector includes trade in goods/services, capital flows (FDI, FPI), external commercial borrowings, and currency exchange. Policies strive to maintain a healthy balance of payments and adequate foreign exchange reserves. Key agencies—like the Directorate General of Foreign Trade—oversee export-import regulations. The shift from a closed economy to an export-oriented one brought new challenges: trade imbalances, currency fluctuations, and global competitiveness. Exam angles often cover India’s major trading partners, trade deficits with specific blocs, and how FTAs shape domestic industries. Students should also watch for external shocks like global oil price spikes or changing US Fed rates.
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