Topic Details (Notes format)

External Sector Overview

Subject: Economics

Book: Comprehensive Indian Economy

India’s external sector includes trade in goods/services, capital flows (FDI, FPI), external commercial borrowings, and currency exchange. Policies strive to maintain a healthy balance of payments and adequate foreign exchange reserves. Key agencies—like the Directorate General of Foreign Trade—oversee export-import regulations. The shift from a closed economy to an export-oriented one brought new challenges: trade imbalances, currency fluctuations, and global competitiveness. Exam angles often cover India’s major trading partners, trade deficits with specific blocs, and how FTAs shape domestic industries. Students should also watch for external shocks like global oil price spikes or changing US Fed rates.

Practice Questions

What is the primary goal of a progressive tax system?

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What is meant by “marginal propensity to consume”?

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What is meant by “liquidity trap”?

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What is the significance of “Purchasing Power Parity” (PPP)?

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Which of the following is NOT an example of a direct tax?

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Which of the following is considered a public good?

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Which organization is responsible for estimating India’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP)?

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Which of the following is a feature of a command economy?

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What is meant by “crowding out” in economics?

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What is the meaning of “disguised unemployment”?

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