Topic Details (Notes format)

Foreign Policy and Parliament’s Role

Subject: Polity

Book: Indian Polity by M. Laxmikanth

India’s foreign policy decisions primarily rest with the executive (PM, Ministry of External Affairs). However, Parliament holds debates, question hours, or special discussions on treaties, border disputes, or major international accords (e.g., Indo-US nuclear deal). While no constitutional provision mandates legislative ratification of treaties, parliamentary scrutiny influences public opinion and exerts moral pressure. Standing Committees on External Affairs help shape policy directions. Critics propose formal treaty ratification laws to ensure transparency and bipartisanship. Balancing executive agility with legislative oversight ensures that critical national engagements reflect the popular will, aligning diplomacy with India’s democratic ethos.