Topic Details (Notes format)

Fundamental Duties (Article 51A)

Subject: Polity

Book: Indian Polity by M. Laxmikanth

Added by the 42nd Amendment (1976), these eleven duties exhort citizens to respect the Constitution, uphold sovereignty, defend the country, and preserve its composite culture. They also call for fostering scientific temper, safeguarding public property, and striving for excellence. Though not legally enforceable, courts may consider them in interpreting laws and shaping jurisprudence on civic responsibility. These duties remind citizens that rights come with obligations, promoting a participatory ethos vital for sustaining a healthy democracy. They also help galvanize national unity by underscoring the moral responsibilities expected from every Indian citizen.

Practice Questions

The Parliament of India consists of which of the following?

संविधान संशोधन की प्रक्रिया में संसद के प्रत्येक सदन में कितने प्रतिशत मतों की आवश्यकता होती है?

What is the maximum number of members in the Legislative Council of a state?

संविधान संशोधन के लिए मतदान कितनी बार किया जाता है?

What is the maximum number of members in the Lok Sabha?

राष्ट्रपति को हटाने की प्रक्रिया किस अनुच्छेद में प्रावधिक है?

Who is the head of the government in India?

विधान सभा अध्यक्ष की योग्यता किस आधार पर निर्धारित होती है?

भारतीय संसद में सर्वोच्च विधायी प्राधिकारी कौन है?

संविधान संशोधन की प्रक्रिया में राज्यसभाओं का समर्थन कितने प्रतिशत से अधिक होना चाहिए?