Subject: Polity
Book: Indian Polity by M. Laxmikanth
Focuses on the grassroots unit of rural local governance. Composed of elected representatives led by a Sarpanch, the Gram Panchayat administers local affairs—rural roads, sanitation, drinking water, minor irrigation, and poverty alleviation schemes. It derives finances from local taxes, government grants, and shared revenues. Regular Gram Sabha meetings ensure community involvement, approving budgets and development plans. The 73rd Amendment mandates that at least one-third of seats be reserved for women and proportional reservation for SC/ST communities. While it fosters democratic participation, Gram Panchayats often face capacity constraints and political interference, requiring ongoing reforms for effective village-level governance.
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