Topic Details (Notes format)

How to Solve Direct and Inverse Variation Problems

Subject: Mathematics

Book: Maths Mastery

Direct variation follows y = kx, where y changes proportionally with x (e.g., doubling x doubles y). Inverse variation follows y = k/x, implying that multiplying x by a factor divides y by the same factor. For instance, if y ∝ x, you might have y = 3x; doubling x from 2 to 4 changes y from 6 to 12. Conversely, if y ∝ 1/x, and x changes from 2 to 4, y becomes half. Variation problems are integral in physics (Ohm’s Law), chemistry (pressure-volume relationships), and everyday concepts like speed-time relationships. Mastering them helps you interpret how one quantity shifts in response to another.

Practice Questions

The perimeter of a rectangle is 40 cm, and its length is 12 cm. What is its width?

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What is the remainder when 5^100 is divided by 3?

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A sum of money triples itself in 12 years at simple interest. What is the rate of interest per annum?

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If 2a + b = 10 and a - b = 4, what is the value of a?

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If a = 2 and b = 3, what is the value of (a^2 + b^2)?

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If x + 1/x = 5, what is the value of x^2 + 1/x^2?

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If the radius of a circle is 7 cm, what is its circumference?

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A number is increased by 20% and then decreased by 20%. What is the net change?

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A rectangle has a length of 10 cm and a width of 5 cm. What is the diagonal of the rectangle?

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The perimeter of a rectangle is 50 cm, and its length is 15 cm. What is its width?

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