Hybridization Definition, Types, Examples & Uses

Hybridization

Subject: Chemistry

Book: General Chemistry

Hybridization mixes atomic orbitals (e.g., s, p, d) to form new hybrid orbitals (sp, sp2, sp3, etc.) that can form equivalent bonds in a molecule. For example, carbon in methane (CH4) uses sp3 hybrid orbitals, each containing one electron to bond with hydrogen. In ethylene (C2H4), carbons use sp2 hybrids for sigma bonds and a p orbital for the pi bond. Hybridization helps explain molecular geometry and bonding in organic and inorganic compounds.