Topic Details (Notes format)

Industrial Policy and Growth

Subject: Economics

Book: Comprehensive Indian Economy

India’s industrial policy has transitioned from a tightly controlled regime—featuring licenses and quotas—to one encouraging private enterprise and FDI. Key phases include the 1956 Industrial Policy Resolution, liberalization post-1991, and recent initiatives like “Make in India.” Core challenges involve infrastructure bottlenecks, labor law rigidities, and technology gaps. MSMEs form the backbone, generating significant employment, but require better credit access and modern managerial practices. Students should explore how industrial corridors, export promotion strategies, and skill development programs shape sectoral growth and global competitiveness, especially in manufacturing and innovation-led industries.

Practice Questions

Which of the following is a characteristic of “perfect competition”?

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What is the “law of diminishing marginal utility”?

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What is the main objective of disinvestment in public sector undertakings (PSUs)?

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What is meant by “crowding out” in economics?

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What does the “Human Development Index” measure?

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Which of the following measures is most effective in controlling inflation?

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Which of the following is an example of a public sector undertaking (PSU) in India?

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Which of the following is NOT an example of a direct tax?

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What is the primary purpose of Special Economic Zones (SEZs)?

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What is a “repo rate”?

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