Subject: Chemistry
Book: General Chemistry
Isotopes are forms of the same element that contain the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. This difference in neutron count affects the atom’s mass number. Many elements have both stable and unstable (radioactive) isotopes. For instance, carbon has carbon-12 and carbon-14, where carbon-14 undergoes radioactive decay and is used in radiocarbon dating. Isotopes have various applications in medicine (e.g., radioactive tracers) and research (e.g., labeling molecules in biochemical studies).
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