Topic Details (Notes format)

Migration, Urbanization, and Economic Development

Subject: Economics

Book: Comprehensive Indian Economy

India’s urbanization sees migration from rural areas seeking better employment. While cities drive GDP growth, they face congestion, slums, and infrastructure deficits. Schemes like Smart Cities Mission attempt integrated planning with emphasis on housing, sanitation, and public transport. Understanding push factors (agricultural stagnation) vs. pull factors (industry/services demand) is crucial. Students should link how rural-urban linkages evolve: remittances back to villages, skill mismatches in cities, and the need for inclusive urban policies. Exam answers often address how balanced regional development can reduce distressed migration while maximizing urban productivity.

Practice Questions

What is meant by “marginal propensity to consume”?

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Which of the following is a direct tax?

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What is the meaning of “supply-side economics”?

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Which term refers to the decrease in the value of a currency relative to foreign currencies?

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Which of the following statements best defines Gross Domestic Product (GDP)?

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Which of the following is an example of a renewable resource?

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Which of the following is a feature of monopolistic competition?

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What is meant by “stagflation”?

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What does “balance of trade” refer to?

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What does the “Human Development Index” measure?

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