Topic Details (Notes format)

Migration, Urbanization, and Economic Development

Subject: Economics

Book: Comprehensive Indian Economy

India’s urbanization sees migration from rural areas seeking better employment. While cities drive GDP growth, they face congestion, slums, and infrastructure deficits. Schemes like Smart Cities Mission attempt integrated planning with emphasis on housing, sanitation, and public transport. Understanding push factors (agricultural stagnation) vs. pull factors (industry/services demand) is crucial. Students should link how rural-urban linkages evolve: remittances back to villages, skill mismatches in cities, and the need for inclusive urban policies. Exam answers often address how balanced regional development can reduce distressed migration while maximizing urban productivity.

Practice Questions

Which of the following is an example of a renewable resource?

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What is the meaning of “disguised unemployment”?

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Which of the following statements best defines Gross Domestic Product (GDP)?

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Which of the following is NOT an example of a direct tax?

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What is meant by the term “current account deficit”?

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What is the main feature of a free-market economy?

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Which of the following is NOT a function of the World Trade Organization (WTO)?

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What is meant by “crowding out” in economics?

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Which of the following is a characteristic of “perfect competition”?

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What is the concept of “invisible hand” associated with?

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