Topic Details (Notes format)

Migration, Urbanization, and Economic Development

Subject: Economics

Book: Comprehensive Indian Economy

India’s urbanization sees migration from rural areas seeking better employment. While cities drive GDP growth, they face congestion, slums, and infrastructure deficits. Schemes like Smart Cities Mission attempt integrated planning with emphasis on housing, sanitation, and public transport. Understanding push factors (agricultural stagnation) vs. pull factors (industry/services demand) is crucial. Students should link how rural-urban linkages evolve: remittances back to villages, skill mismatches in cities, and the need for inclusive urban policies. Exam answers often address how balanced regional development can reduce distressed migration while maximizing urban productivity.

Practice Questions

What is meant by the term “current account deficit”?

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What is the term for the price at which demand and supply in a market are equal?

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What is the meaning of “dumping” in international trade?

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Which of the following sectors contributes the most to India’s GDP?

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What is the main feature of a free-market economy?

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What is the main aim of the “Startup India” initiative?

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What is the concept of “invisible hand” associated with?

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Which of the following is a feature of monopolistic competition?

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What is “open market operations” (OMO)?

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What is meant by “liquidity trap”?

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