Topic Details (Notes format)

Municipalities: Overview (74th Amendment)

Subject: Polity

Book: Indian Polity by M. Laxmikanth

Details urban local governance introduced by the 74th Amendment Act (1992). Municipal bodies—Nagar Panchayats for transitional areas, Municipal Councils for smaller cities, and Municipal Corporations for large metropolitan areas—enable grassroots democracy in towns. Elected councils deliberate on urban planning, water supply, solid waste management, street lighting, and local taxation. Ward committees and reservations for women/SC/ST ensure inclusivity. The Act mandates regular elections, State Finance Commissions for resource devolution, and District Planning Committees for integrated rural-urban planning. Yet, municipalities often struggle with financial dependency on state grants, capacity deficits, and bureaucratic overlap, highlighting the need for deeper reforms in urban governance.

Practice Questions

न्यायिक समीक्षा मुख्यतः किन के खिलाफ की जाती है?

Who has the authority to dissolve the Rajya Sabha?

न्यायपालिका की स्वतंत्रता किस अनुच्छेद में सुनिश्चित की गई है?

Who was the first President of India?

कार्यपालिका के प्रमुख की नियुक्ति में किसका निर्णय अंतिम होता है?

Which article of the Indian Constitution provides for the protection of interests of minorities?

राज्यपाल के कर्तव्य किस अनुच्छेद में दिए गए हैं?

Which article of the Indian Constitution provides for the amendment process?

लोकसभा के सदस्यों के लिए न्यूनतम योग्यता क्या है?

अभियोजक की स्वतंत्रता किस सिद्धांत पर आधारित है?