Topic Details (Notes format)

Municipalities: Overview (74th Amendment)

Subject: Polity

Book: Indian Polity by M. Laxmikanth

Details urban local governance introduced by the 74th Amendment Act (1992). Municipal bodies—Nagar Panchayats for transitional areas, Municipal Councils for smaller cities, and Municipal Corporations for large metropolitan areas—enable grassroots democracy in towns. Elected councils deliberate on urban planning, water supply, solid waste management, street lighting, and local taxation. Ward committees and reservations for women/SC/ST ensure inclusivity. The Act mandates regular elections, State Finance Commissions for resource devolution, and District Planning Committees for integrated rural-urban planning. Yet, municipalities often struggle with financial dependency on state grants, capacity deficits, and bureaucratic overlap, highlighting the need for deeper reforms in urban governance.

Practice Questions

Which of the following is a Directive Principle of State Policy in India?

संसद के अधिवेशन के अंतराल का निर्धारण किसके द्वारा किया जाता है?

विधान सभा सदस्यों के विवाद समाधान की प्रक्रिया किस अनुच्छेद में है?

Which amendment of the Indian Constitution gave the Right to Education a fundamental right?

Who was the first woman Speaker of the Lok Sabha?

Which of the following is NOT a power of the Rajya Sabha?

Which of the following is a Fundamental Duty under the Indian Constitution?

Which article of the Indian Constitution guarantees the right to freedom of speech and expression?

किस संविधान संशोधन ने राष्ट्रपति के चुनाव में एकल मत प्रणाली अपनाने का प्रावधान किया?

संविधान सभा की अंतिम बैठक किस वर्ष हुई थी?