National Green Tribunal (NGT) Definition, Types, Examples & Uses

National Green Tribunal (NGT)

Subject: Polity

Book: Indian Polity by M. Laxmikanth

A specialized body formed under the National Green Tribunal Act, 2010, adjudicating environmental disputes swiftly. Chaired by a retired Supreme Court judge, it holds original and appellate jurisdiction over matters like pollution, deforestation, and environmental clearances. The NGT can issue orders for compensation, restoration, and policy improvements, applying the “polluter pays” principle and “precautionary principle.” Critics highlight enforcement gaps and occasional overreach into policy domains. However, the NGT’s proactive stance has significantly shaped ecological jurisprudence, balancing developmental needs with sustainability. It underscores India’s commitment to the environment, complementing constitutional mandates under Article 48A and judicial precedents.