Subject: Chemistry
Book: General Chemistry
Nucleophiles attack the electrophilic carbon in a carbonyl (C=O). This forms a tetrahedral intermediate, which can either protonate to form an alcohol or undergo further substitution if the intermediate can expel a leaving group. Aldehydes are generally more reactive than ketones because they have fewer electron-donating alkyl groups. This mechanism underlies key reactions like aldol condensation and Grignard additions.
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