Topic Details (Notes format)

PESA Act: Panchayats (Extension to Scheduled Areas)

Subject: Polity

Book: Indian Polity by M. Laxmikanth

Enacted in 1996 to extend Part IX provisions (73rd Amendment) to Fifth Schedule areas, recognizing tribal customs, resource rights, and Gram Sabha supremacy. PESA empowers tribal communities to manage minor forest produce, prevent land alienation, and self-govern according to local traditions. It mandates Gram Sabha consent before land acquisitions or mining licenses. Implementation is uneven; states often dilute PESA in their rules. Conflicts with mainstream bureaucracy hamper local autonomy. Still, PESA remains a landmark in decentralized tribal governance, bridging customary laws with constitutional frameworks. Comprehensive enforcement can fortify tribal identity, resource management, and grassroot democracy in scheduled regions.

Practice Questions

Who is considered the "father of the Indian Constitution"?

संविधान संशोधन की प्रक्रिया में संसद के प्रत्येक सदन में कितने प्रतिशत मतों की आवश्यकता होती है?

राज्यसभा के सदस्यों का चुनाव किस प्रकार से होता है?

राष्ट्रपति द्वारा पारित विधेयकों को चुनौती देने की अंतिम तिथि किस अनुच्छेद में दी गई है?

Which of the following is NOT a part of the Indian Parliament?

Who is the first woman President of India?

राज्यपाल के कर्तव्य किस अनुच्छेद में दिए गए हैं?

राष्ट्रपति के आपातकालिक शक्तियाँ किस अनुच्छेद के तहत निर्धारित हैं?

Who has the authority to dissolve the Rajya Sabha?

The Parliament of India consists of which of the following?