Topic Details (Notes format)

PESA Act: Panchayats (Extension to Scheduled Areas)

Subject: Polity

Book: Indian Polity by M. Laxmikanth

Enacted in 1996 to extend Part IX provisions (73rd Amendment) to Fifth Schedule areas, recognizing tribal customs, resource rights, and Gram Sabha supremacy. PESA empowers tribal communities to manage minor forest produce, prevent land alienation, and self-govern according to local traditions. It mandates Gram Sabha consent before land acquisitions or mining licenses. Implementation is uneven; states often dilute PESA in their rules. Conflicts with mainstream bureaucracy hamper local autonomy. Still, PESA remains a landmark in decentralized tribal governance, bridging customary laws with constitutional frameworks. Comprehensive enforcement can fortify tribal identity, resource management, and grassroot democracy in scheduled regions.

Practice Questions

राज्यसभा के सदस्यों का चुनाव किस प्रकार से होता है?

What is the term of office of a Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA)?

संविधान संशोधन की प्रक्रिया किस अनुच्छेद द्वारा नियंत्रित होती है?

किस संविधान संशोधन में "सौम्य" शब्द की जगह "विनम्र" शब्द का उपयोग किया गया?

भारत में निर्वाचन आयोग का गठन किस आधार पर होता है?

Who has the authority to promulgate ordinances in India?

राष्ट्रपति की नियुक्ति में किस संस्था का योगदान महत्वपूर्ण होता है?

Which of the following is a provision of the Indian Constitution regarding the Emergency?

What is the term of office for a Governor of a state in India?

संसद कार्यवाही की समय सीमा किस अनुच्छेद में उल्लिखित है?