Topic Details (Notes format)

PESA Act: Panchayats (Extension to Scheduled Areas)

Subject: Polity

Book: Indian Polity by M. Laxmikanth

Enacted in 1996 to extend Part IX provisions (73rd Amendment) to Fifth Schedule areas, recognizing tribal customs, resource rights, and Gram Sabha supremacy. PESA empowers tribal communities to manage minor forest produce, prevent land alienation, and self-govern according to local traditions. It mandates Gram Sabha consent before land acquisitions or mining licenses. Implementation is uneven; states often dilute PESA in their rules. Conflicts with mainstream bureaucracy hamper local autonomy. Still, PESA remains a landmark in decentralized tribal governance, bridging customary laws with constitutional frameworks. Comprehensive enforcement can fortify tribal identity, resource management, and grassroot democracy in scheduled regions.

Practice Questions

Which of the following provisions is related to the emergency powers of the President of India?

Which article of the Indian Constitution deals with the official language of the Union?

भारत का संविधान किस वर्ष अपनाया गया था?

Who is considered the "father of the Indian Constitution"?

Who is the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha?

वरिष्ठ न्यायाधीशों की नियुक्ति में किस समिति का योगदान होता है?

राज्यों के अधिकारों का निर्धारण किस आधार पर होता है?

न्यायपालिका की स्वतंत्रता सुनिश्चित करने के लिए किस प्रावधान को शामिल किया गया है?

भारतीय संसद में सर्वोच्च विधायी प्राधिकारी कौन है?

संविधान संशोधन की प्रक्रिया किस अनुच्छेद द्वारा नियंत्रित होती है?