Topic Details (Notes format)

PESA Act: Panchayats (Extension to Scheduled Areas)

Subject: Polity

Book: Indian Polity by M. Laxmikanth

Enacted in 1996 to extend Part IX provisions (73rd Amendment) to Fifth Schedule areas, recognizing tribal customs, resource rights, and Gram Sabha supremacy. PESA empowers tribal communities to manage minor forest produce, prevent land alienation, and self-govern according to local traditions. It mandates Gram Sabha consent before land acquisitions or mining licenses. Implementation is uneven; states often dilute PESA in their rules. Conflicts with mainstream bureaucracy hamper local autonomy. Still, PESA remains a landmark in decentralized tribal governance, bridging customary laws with constitutional frameworks. Comprehensive enforcement can fortify tribal identity, resource management, and grassroot democracy in scheduled regions.

Practice Questions

संघीय परिषद का प्रावधान किस अनुच्छेद में है?

आपातकाल की घोषणा के लिए प्रत्येक सदन में कितने प्रतिशत मतों की आवश्यकता होती है?

Which of the following is the longest serving Chief Minister in India?

Who among the following is the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha?

प्रधानमंत्री का कार्यकाल कितने वर्षों का होता है?

Which of the following is a feature of the Indian Constitution?

Who has the authority to dissolve the Lok Sabha?

संसद के अधिवेशन के अंतराल का निर्धारण किसके द्वारा किया जाता है?

Which of the following is NOT a Fundamental Right under the Indian Constitution?

न्यायपालिका की संरचना में किसका प्रमुख योगदान होता है?