Subject: Polity
Book: Indian Polity by M. Laxmikanth
Non-political organizations or lobbies influencing policy outcomes without contesting elections. Examples range from trade unions, farmer unions, business associations, to environmental NGOs. They use tactics like petitions, media campaigns, or direct dialogues with policymakers. Pressure groups enrich democracy by voicing specialized interests and shaping legislative agendas. However, they can cause policy distortions if dominated by wealthy or corporate lobbies. The Supreme Court supports the concept of legitimate lobbying within legal bounds, though transparency regulations are still evolving. Understanding how these groups operate clarifies how public policies reflect multiple societal interests beyond mere party politics.
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