Subject: Chemistry
Book: General Chemistry
Proteins are large biomolecules composed of one or more polypeptide chains of amino acids. Their complex 3D structures (primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary) determine function—ranging from enzymes and hormones to antibodies and structural components. Protein folding is guided by noncovalent interactions (hydrogen bonds, ionic interactions, van der Waals forces). Misfolded proteins can lead to diseases (e.g., Alzheimer’s).
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