Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) Definition, Types, Examples & Uses

Public-Private Partnerships (PPP)

Subject: Economics

Book: Comprehensive Indian Economy

PPP models unite government oversight with private investment and expertise to develop highways, airports, and metro rail systems. Contracts—like Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT)—share risks and rewards. The viability gap funding mechanism supports financially unviable but socially necessary projects. Exam questions often assess PPP’s track record, referencing successes (Delhi Airport T3) and failures (delays, cost overruns). Students should understand different concession agreements, risk allocation strategies, and dispute resolution frameworks. Balancing private profits with affordable public services remains a major policy challenge in infrastructure expansions.