Topic Details (Notes format)

Research & Development and Innovation

Subject: Economics

Book: Comprehensive Indian Economy

Investment in R&D fosters technological advancement, higher productivity, and global competitiveness. India’s R&D spend remains modest compared to developed nations, concentrated in defense and space. Private sector involvement is growing in pharmaceuticals, IT, and automotive sectors. Government initiatives like Make in India, Atal Innovation Mission, and dedicated innovation labs encourage startups, but bridging lab-to-market gaps remains a challenge. Exam queries might revolve around IPR regimes, venture capital ecosystems, and the link between university research and commercial products. Strengthening patent enforcement and building a robust knowledge economy is a strategic imperative for higher-value exports.

Practice Questions

Which term refers to the decrease in the value of a currency relative to foreign currencies?

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What does “balance of trade” refer to?

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Which of the following sectors contributes the most to India’s GDP?

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What is the main function of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI)?

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What does the “Phillips Curve” show?

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What is meant by “structural unemployment”?

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What is a “repo rate”?

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What is the primary goal of a progressive tax system?

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What is the purpose of the "Minimum Support Price" (MSP) in India?

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Which of the following is an example of a non-renewable resource?

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