Topic Details (Notes format)

Research & Development and Innovation

Subject: Economics

Book: Comprehensive Indian Economy

Investment in R&D fosters technological advancement, higher productivity, and global competitiveness. India’s R&D spend remains modest compared to developed nations, concentrated in defense and space. Private sector involvement is growing in pharmaceuticals, IT, and automotive sectors. Government initiatives like Make in India, Atal Innovation Mission, and dedicated innovation labs encourage startups, but bridging lab-to-market gaps remains a challenge. Exam queries might revolve around IPR regimes, venture capital ecosystems, and the link between university research and commercial products. Strengthening patent enforcement and building a robust knowledge economy is a strategic imperative for higher-value exports.

Practice Questions

What is the meaning of “supply-side economics”?

View Question

Which of the following is an example of a public sector undertaking (PSU) in India?

View Question

What does “primary sector” of the economy include?

View Question

What is the meaning of “dumping” in international trade?

View Question

Which of the following is an example of fiscal policy?

View Question

Which of the following is NOT an example of an indirect tax?

View Question

What is “fiscal stimulus”?

View Question

Which of the following is an example of a capital receipt for the government?

View Question

Which of the following sectors contributes the most to India’s GDP?

View Question

What is “inclusive growth”?

View Question