Topic Details (Notes format)

Research & Development and Innovation

Subject: Economics

Book: Comprehensive Indian Economy

Investment in R&D fosters technological advancement, higher productivity, and global competitiveness. India’s R&D spend remains modest compared to developed nations, concentrated in defense and space. Private sector involvement is growing in pharmaceuticals, IT, and automotive sectors. Government initiatives like Make in India, Atal Innovation Mission, and dedicated innovation labs encourage startups, but bridging lab-to-market gaps remains a challenge. Exam queries might revolve around IPR regimes, venture capital ecosystems, and the link between university research and commercial products. Strengthening patent enforcement and building a robust knowledge economy is a strategic imperative for higher-value exports.

Practice Questions

Which of the following is NOT an example of an indirect tax?

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What does “Laissez-faire” policy advocate?

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What is the meaning of “supply-side economics”?

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What is the primary function of the International Monetary Fund (IMF)?

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Which of the following best describes “capital formation”?

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What is meant by “liquidity trap”?

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What is the purpose of the "Minimum Support Price" (MSP) in India?

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What is “fiscal stimulus”?

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Which of the following is an example of a renewable resource?

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What is “currency devaluation”?

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