Subject: Polity
Book: Indian Polity by M. Laxmikanth
Inserted by the 86th Amendment, making free and compulsory education a fundamental right for children aged 6–14. The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009 operationalizes this, detailing norms for infrastructure, teacher-student ratios, and curricular frameworks. Private schools must reserve 25% seats for economically weaker sections. Enforcement challenges include teacher absenteeism, resource shortages, and variable state capacities. Yet, it has boosted enrollment, especially among marginalized groups. Critics call for qualitative improvements—learning outcomes, teacher training, accountability. RTE showcases India’s resolve to ensure basic education for all, bridging equity gaps in schooling access.
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