Topic Details (Notes format)

Right to Environment: Judicial Expansions

Subject: Polity

Book: Indian Polity by M. Laxmikanth

Rooted in Article 21’s interpretation that life implies a healthy environment. Case law (MC Mehta series) championed public trust doctrine, polluter pays principle, and precautionary principle. The apex court mandates environmental impact assessments and penalizes industries harming ecology. Directive Principles (Article 48A) and Fundamental Duties (Article 51A(g)) reinforce environmental stewardship. The National Green Tribunal further streamlines dispute resolution. Critics fear judicial activism may hamper development if not balanced with socio-economic needs. However, the overarching consensus is that safeguarding environment is intrinsic to constitutional promises of life quality, requiring sustainable governance approaches that integrate ecology with progress.

Practice Questions

What is the maximum strength of the Rajya Sabha?

किस संविधान संशोधन ने संसद में महिलाओं के आरक्षण का प्रस्ताव रखा?

अनुच्छेद 370 किस राज्य को विशेष दर्जा प्रदान करता था?

भारतीय सर्वोच्च न्यायालय का गठन किस आधार पर हुआ?

संविधान संशोधन के प्रस्ताव किसके द्वारा प्रस्तुत किए जाते हैं?

Which of the following is NOT a part of the Union List of the Indian Constitution?

न्यायाधीशों की नियुक्ति में किस समिति की सिफारिश ली जाती है?

What is the minimum age required to become the President of India?

Who is the first citizen of India?

संविधान संशोधन की प्रक्रिया किस अनुच्छेद द्वारा नियंत्रित होती है?