Topic Details (Notes format)

Right to Environment: Judicial Expansions

Subject: Polity

Book: Indian Polity by M. Laxmikanth

Rooted in Article 21’s interpretation that life implies a healthy environment. Case law (MC Mehta series) championed public trust doctrine, polluter pays principle, and precautionary principle. The apex court mandates environmental impact assessments and penalizes industries harming ecology. Directive Principles (Article 48A) and Fundamental Duties (Article 51A(g)) reinforce environmental stewardship. The National Green Tribunal further streamlines dispute resolution. Critics fear judicial activism may hamper development if not balanced with socio-economic needs. However, the overarching consensus is that safeguarding environment is intrinsic to constitutional promises of life quality, requiring sustainable governance approaches that integrate ecology with progress.

Practice Questions

न्यायिक समीक्षा का सिद्धांत किसके द्वारा समर्थित है?

संसद की कार्यप्रणाली का प्रावधान किस अनुच्छेद में मिलता है?

What is the maximum number of judges in the Supreme Court of India?

Which of the following is a feature of the Indian Parliament?

Which of the following is the longest serving Chief Minister in India?

Who appoints the Chief Justice of India?

राष्ट्रपति के लिए योग्यता मानदंड किस अनुच्छेद में वर्णित हैं?

Who is the first woman President of India?

Who has the authority to dissolve the Rajya Sabha?

आपातकाल की घोषणा के लिए केंद्रीय सरकार को अतिरिक्त शक्तियाँ किस अनुच्छेद द्वारा दी जाती हैं?