Subject: Polity
Book: Indian Polity by M. Laxmikanth
Examines five articles ensuring legal equality for all citizens. Article 14 states “equality before law” and “equal protection of laws,” forming the principle of nondiscrimination. Article 15 forbids discrimination based on religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth, with provisions for affirmative action. Article 16 ensures equal opportunity in public employment. Article 17 abolishes untouchability, a social evil rooted in caste hierarchies. Article 18 abolishes titles (except military or academic honors), reinforcing the egalitarian ethos. These provisions collectively aim to dismantle systemic inequalities, fostering an inclusive society aligned with constitutional ideals.
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