Topic Details (Notes format)

Thermodynamics

Subject: General Science

Book: NCERT Science Class 11

Thermodynamics studies energy and heat flow.
- **Laws of Thermodynamics**:
- Zeroth Law: Defines thermal equilibrium.
- First Law: Energy cannot be created or destroyed.
- Second Law: Heat flows from hot to cold spontaneously.
- Third Law: Absolute zero cannot be reached.
- **Types of Thermodynamic Processes**:
- Isothermal (constant temperature).
- Adiabatic (no heat exchange).
- Isochoric (constant volume).
- Isobaric (constant pressure).

**Possible Exam Questions:**
1. What are the laws of thermodynamics?
2. Explain the first law of thermodynamics with an example.
3. What is entropy? Why does it always increase?
4. How do refrigerators work using thermodynamics principles?
5. Differentiate between isothermal and adiabatic processes.