Subject: Chemistry
Book: General Chemistry
Valence electrons are the electrons in an atom’s outermost shell, primarily responsible for chemical bonding and reactivity. Elements in the same group on the periodic table share the same number of valence electrons, explaining their similar chemical behaviors. For example, the alkali metals (Group 1) each have one valence electron, which they tend to lose in reactions, forming cations with a +1 charge. Valence electrons also dictate molecular shape and polarity in covalent compounds.
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