Subject: Chemistry
Book: General Chemistry
Wastewater analysis characterizes pollutants (organic matter, heavy metals, nutrients, pathogens) before and after treatment. Techniques include biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and spectroscopic methods (ICP-OES, ICP-MS) for metals. Monitoring is essential for regulatory compliance, process optimization, and environmental protection. Analytical chemistry guides water quality management strategies and resource recovery efforts.
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